There are many institutions which hold valuable materials on cities throughout North America.
American Jewish Historical Society
The American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS), located at the Center for Jewish History, is a national scholarly resource for research through the collection, preservation and dissemination of materials relating to American Jewish history.
American Jewish Archives
The American Jewish Archives in Cincinnati, OH is the largest free-standing repository dedicated solely to the study of the American Jewish experience.
Other Archives and Historical Societies
AJHS maintains a list of Jewish archives and historical societies throughout the United States. If there is one in the city you are researching, that is usually an excellent source of both materials and guidance on further sources.